Merge branch 'dev' into federate

2016-06-28 00:34:31 +02:00
parent 6d7300fe43 fc57288c30
commit 32b5627c38
28 changed files with 1472 additions and 779 deletions
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[report]
+exclude_lines =
+    pragma: no cover
+    def __repr__
+    def __unicode__
+    raise AssertionError
+    raise NotImplementedError
+    if six.PY3:
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 *.pyc
 *.egg-info
+*~
 *.swp

 build/
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@ cas/
 dist/
 db.sqlite3
 manage.py
+coverage.xml

 .tox
 test_venv
+.coverage
+htmlcov/
--- a/11
+++ b/11
@@ -44,3 +44,14 @@ test_project: test_venv test_venv/cas/manage.py

 run_test_server: test_project
 	test_venv/bin/python test_venv/cas/manage.py runserver
+
+coverage: test_venv
+	test_venv/bin/pip install coverage
+	test_venv/bin/coverage run --source='cas_server' --omit='cas_server/migrations*' run_tests
+	test_venv/bin/coverage html
+	rm htmlcov/coverage_html.js  # I am really pissed off by those keybord shortcuts
+
+coverage_codacy: coverage
+	test_venv/bin/coverage xml
+	test_venv/bin/pip install codacy-coverage
+	test_venv/bin/python-codacy-coverage -r coverage.xml
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -10,8 +10,14 @@ CAS Server
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/django-cas-server.svg
    :target: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html

+.. image:: https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/255c21623d6946ef8802fa7995b61366
+    :target: https://www.codacy.com/app/valentin-samir/django-cas-server
+
+.. image:: https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Coverage/255c21623d6946ef8802fa7995b61366
+    :target: https://www.codacy.com/app/valentin-samir/django-cas-server
+
 CAS Server is a Django application implementing the `CAS Protocol 3.0 Specification
-<https://jasig.github.io/cas/development/protocol/CAS-Protocol-Specification.html>`_.
+<https://apereo.github.io/cas/4.2.x/protocol/CAS-Protocol-Specification.html>`_.

 By defaut, the authentication process use django internal users but you can easily
 use any sources (see auth classes in the auth.py file)
@@ -37,6 +43,15 @@ Features

 Quick start
 -----------
+0. If you want to make a virtualenv for ``django-cas-server``, you will need the following
+   dependencies on a bare debian like system::
+
+    virtualenv build-essential python-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev zlib1g-dev
+
+   If you want to use python3 instead of python2, replace ``python-dev`` with ``python3-dev``.
+
+   If you intend to run the tox tests you will also need ``python3.4-dev`` depending of the current
+   version of python3 on your system.

 1. Add "cas_server" to your INSTALLED_APPS setting like this::

@@ -70,7 +85,7 @@ Quick start
 4. You should add some management commands to a crontab: ``clearsessions``,
   ``cas_clean_tickets`` and ``cas_clean_sessions``.

- * ``clearsessions``:  please see `Clearing the session store <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/sessions/#clearing-the-session-store>`_.
+ * ``clearsessions``:  please see `Clearing the session store <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/http/sessions/#clearing-the-session-store>`_.
 * ``cas_clean_tickets``: old tickets and timed-out tickets do not get purge from
   the database automatically. They are just marked as invalid. ``cas_clean_tickets``
   is a clean-up management command for this purpose. It send SingleLogOut request
@@ -122,14 +137,14 @@ Template settings:

 Authentication settings:

-*  ``CAS_AUTH_CLASS``: A dotted path to a class implementing ``cas_server.auth.AuthUser``.
-   The default is ``"cas_server.auth.DjangoAuthUser"``
+*  ``CAS_AUTH_CLASS``: A dotted path to a class or a class implementing
+  ``cas_server.auth.AuthUser``. The default is ``"cas_server.auth.DjangoAuthUser"``

 *  ``SESSION_COOKIE_AGE``: This is a django settings. Here, it control the delay in seconds after
   which inactive users are logged out. The default is ``1209600`` (2 weeks). You probably should
   reduce it to something like ``86400`` seconds (1 day).

-* ``CAS_PROXY_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH``: Path to certificates authority file. Usually on linux
+* ``CAS_PROXY_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH``: Path to certificate authorities file. Usually on linux
  the local CAs are in ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt``. The default is ``True`` which
  tell requests to use its internal certificat authorities. Settings it to ``False`` should
  disable all x509 certificates validation and MUST not be done in production.
@@ -162,7 +177,7 @@ Tickets validity settings:
  application. The default is ``60``.
 * ``CAS_PGT_VALIDITY``: Number of seconds the proxy granting tickets are valid.
  The default is ``3600`` (1 hour).
-* ``CAS_TICKET_TIMEOUT``: Number of seconds a ticket is kept is the database before sending
+* ``CAS_TICKET_TIMEOUT``: Number of seconds a ticket is kept in the database before sending
  Single Log Out request and being cleared. The default is ``86400`` (24 hours).

 Tickets miscellaneous settings:
@@ -184,12 +199,12 @@ Tickets miscellaneous settings:
 * ``CAS_SERVICE_TICKET_PREFIX``: Prefix of service tickets. The default is ``"ST"``.
  The CAS specification mandate that service tickets MUST begin with the characters ST
  so you should not change this.
-* ``CAS_PROXY_TICKET_PREFIX``: Prefix of proxy ticket. The default is ``"ST"``.
+* ``CAS_PROXY_TICKET_PREFIX``: Prefix of proxy ticket. The default is ``"PT"``.
 * ``CAS_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_PREFIX``: Prefix of proxy granting ticket. The default is ``"PGT"``.
 * ``CAS_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_IOU_PREFIX``: Prefix of proxy granting ticket IOU. The default is ``"PGTIOU"``.


-Mysql backend settings. Only usefull is you use the mysql authentication backend:
+Mysql backend settings. Only usefull if you are using the mysql authentication backend:

 * ``CAS_SQL_HOST``: Host for the SQL server. The default is ``"localhost"``.
 * ``CAS_SQL_USERNAME``: Username for connecting to the SQL server.
@@ -200,8 +215,29 @@ Mysql backend settings. Only usefull is you use the mysql authentication backend
  The username must be in field ``username``, the password in ``password``,
  additional fields are used as the user attributes.
  The default is ``"SELECT user AS usersame, pass AS password, users.* FROM users WHERE user = %s"``
-* ``CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK``: The method used to check the user password. Must be
-  ``"crypt"`` or ``"plain``". The default is ``"crypt"``.
+* ``CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK``: The method used to check the user password. Must be one of the following:
+
+    * ``"crypt"`` (see <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(C)>), the password in the database
+      should begin this $
+    * ``"ldap"`` (see https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stroeder-hashed-userpassword-values-01.html)
+      the password in the database must begin with one of {MD5}, {SMD5}, {SHA}, {SSHA}, {SHA256},
+      {SSHA256}, {SHA384}, {SSHA384}, {SHA512}, {SSHA512}, {CRYPT}.
+    * ``"hex_HASH_NAME"`` with ``HASH_NAME`` in md5, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512.
+      The hashed password in the database is compare to the hexadecimal digest of the clear
+      password hashed with the corresponding algorithm.
+    * ``"plain"``, the password in the database must be in clear.
+
+  The default is ``"crypt"``.
+
+
+Test backend settings. Only usefull if you are using the test authentication backend:
+
+* ``CAS_TEST_USER``: Username of the test user. The default is ``"test"``.
+* ``CAS_TEST_PASSWORD``: Password of the test user. The default is ``"test"``.
+* ``CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES``: Attributes of the test user. The default is
+  ``{'nom': 'Nymous', 'prenom': 'Ano', 'email': 'anonymous@example.net',
+  'alias': ['demo1', 'demo2']}``.
+

 Authentication backend
 ----------------------
@@ -209,8 +245,8 @@ Authentication backend
 ``django-cas-server`` comes with some authentication backends:

 * dummy backend ``cas_server.auth.DummyAuthUser``: all authentication attempt fails.
-* test backend ``cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser``: username is ``test`` and password is ``test``
-  the returned attributes for the user are: ``{'nom': 'Nymous', 'prenom': 'Ano', 'email': 'anonymous@example.net'}``
+* test backend ``cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser``: username, password and returned attributes
+  for the user are defined by the ``CAS_TEST_*`` settings.
 * django backend ``cas_server.auth.DjangoAuthUser``: Users are authenticated agains django users system.
  This is the default backend. The returned attributes are the fields available on the user model.
 * mysql backend ``cas_server.auth.MysqlAuthUser``: see the 'Mysql backend settings' section.
@@ -222,7 +258,7 @@ Logs
 ----

 ``django-cas-server`` logs most of its actions. To enable login, you must set the ``LOGGING``
-(https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging) variable is ``settings.py``.
+(https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/logging) variable in ``settings.py``.

 Users successful actions (login, logout) are logged with the level ``INFO``, failures are logged
 with the level ``WARNING`` and user attributes transmitted to a service are logged with the level ``DEBUG``.
--- a/cas_server/init.py
+++ b/cas_server/init.py
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 #
 # (c) 2015 Valentin Samir

-default_app_config = 'cas_server.apps.AppConfig'
+default_app_config = 'cas_server.apps.CasAppConfig'
--- a/cas_server/admin.py
+++ b/cas_server/admin.py
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ from .models import ServiceTicket, ProxyTicket, ProxyGrantingTicket, User, Servi
 from .models import Username, ReplaceAttributName, ReplaceAttributValue, FilterAttributValue
 from .forms import TicketForm

-tickets_readonly_fields = ('validate', 'service', 'service_pattern',
+TICKETS_READONLY_FIELDS = ('validate', 'service', 'service_pattern',
                           'creation', 'renew', 'single_log_out', 'value')
-tickets_fields = ('validate', 'service', 'service_pattern',
+TICKETS_FIELDS = ('validate', 'service', 'service_pattern',
                  'creation', 'renew', 'single_log_out')


@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ class ServiceTicketInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = ServiceTicket
    extra = 0
    form = TicketForm
-    readonly_fields = tickets_readonly_fields
-    fields = tickets_fields
+    readonly_fields = TICKETS_READONLY_FIELDS
+    fields = TICKETS_FIELDS


 class ProxyTicketInline(admin.TabularInline):
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class ProxyTicketInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = ProxyTicket
    extra = 0
    form = TicketForm
-    readonly_fields = tickets_readonly_fields
-    fields = tickets_fields
+    readonly_fields = TICKETS_READONLY_FIELDS
+    fields = TICKETS_FIELDS


 class ProxyGrantingInline(admin.TabularInline):
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class ProxyGrantingInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = ProxyGrantingTicket
    extra = 0
    form = TicketForm
-    readonly_fields = tickets_readonly_fields
-    fields = tickets_fields[1:]
+    readonly_fields = TICKETS_READONLY_FIELDS
+    fields = TICKETS_FIELDS[1:]


 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
--- a/cas_server/apps.py
+++ b/cas_server/apps.py
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.apps import AppConfig


-class AppConfig(AppConfig):
+class CasAppConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'cas_server'
    verbose_name = _('Central Authentication Service')
--- a/cas_server/auth.py
+++ b/cas_server/auth.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.utils import timezone

 from datetime import timedelta
-try:
+try:  # pragma: no cover
    import MySQLdb
    import MySQLdb.cursors
-    import crypt
+    from utils import check_password
 except ImportError:
    MySQLdb = None

@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ class AuthUser(object):

    def test_password(self, password):
        """test `password` agains the user"""
-        raise NotImplemented()
+        raise NotImplementedError()

    def attributs(self):
        """return a dict of user attributes"""
-        raise NotImplemented()
+        raise NotImplementedError()


-class DummyAuthUser(AuthUser):
+class DummyAuthUser(AuthUser):  # pragma: no cover
    """A Dummy authentication class"""

    def __init__(self, username):
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ class TestAuthUser(AuthUser):

    def test_password(self, password):
        """test `password` agains the user"""
-        return self.username == "test" and password == "test"
+        return self.username == settings.CAS_TEST_USER and password == settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD

    def attributs(self):
        """return a dict of user attributes"""
-        return {'nom': 'Nymous', 'prenom': 'Ano', 'email': 'anonymous@example.net'}
+        return settings.CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES


-class MysqlAuthUser(AuthUser):
+class MysqlAuthUser(AuthUser):  # pragma: no cover
    """A mysql auth class: authentication user agains a mysql database"""
    user = None

@@ -94,30 +94,25 @@ class MysqlAuthUser(AuthUser):

    def test_password(self, password):
        """test `password` agains the user"""
-        if not self.user:
-            return False
+        if self.user:
+            return check_password(
+                settings.CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK,
+                password,
+                self.user["password"],
+                settings.CAS_SQL_DBCHARSET
+            )
        else:
-            if settings.CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK == "plain":
-                return password == self.user["password"]
-            elif settings.CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK == "crypt":
-                if self.user["password"].startswith('$'):
-                    salt = '$'.join(self.user["password"].split('$', 3)[:-1])
-                    return crypt.crypt(password, salt) == self.user["password"]
-                else:
-                    return crypt.crypt(
-                        password,
-                        self.user["password"][:2]
-                    ) == self.user["password"]
+            return False

    def attributs(self):
        """return a dict of user attributes"""
-        if not self.user:
-            return {}
-        else:
+        if self.user:
            return self.user
+        else:
+            return {}


-class DjangoAuthUser(AuthUser):
+class DjangoAuthUser(AuthUser):  # pragma: no cover
    """A django auth class: authenticate user agains django internal users"""
    user = None

@@ -131,21 +126,20 @@ class DjangoAuthUser(AuthUser):

    def test_password(self, password):
        """test `password` agains the user"""
-        if not self.user:
-            return False
-        else:
+        if self.user:
            return self.user.check_password(password)
+        else:
+            return False

    def attributs(self):
        """return a dict of user attributes"""
-        if not self.user:
-            return {}
-        else:
+        if self.user:
            attr = {}
            for field in self.user._meta.fields:
                attr[field.attname] = getattr(self.user, field.attname)
            return attr
-
+        else:
+            return {}

 class CASFederateAuth(AuthUser):
    user = None
--- a/cas_server/default_settings.py
+++ b/cas_server/default_settings.py
@@ -78,6 +78,17 @@ setting_default('CAS_SQL_USER_QUERY', 'SELECT user AS usersame, pass AS '
                'password, users.* FROM users WHERE user = %s')
 setting_default('CAS_SQL_PASSWORD_CHECK', 'crypt')  # crypt or plain

+setting_default('CAS_TEST_USER', 'test')
+setting_default('CAS_TEST_PASSWORD', 'test')
+setting_default(
+    'CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES',
+    {
+        'nom': 'Nymous',
+        'prenom': 'Ano',
+        'email': 'anonymous@example.net',
+        'alias': ['demo1', 'demo2']
+    }
+)

 setting_default('CAS_FEDERATE', False)
 # A dict of "provider suffix" -> (provider CAS server url, CAS version, verbose name)
--- a/cas_server/static/cas_server/cas.js
+++ b/cas_server/static/cas_server/cas.js
@@ -1,55 +1,52 @@
 function cas_login(cas_server_login, service, login_service, callback){
-  url = cas_server_login + '?service=' + encodeURIComponent(service);
+  var url = cas_server_login + "?service=" + encodeURIComponent(service);
  $.ajax({
-    type: 'GET',
-    url:url,
-    beforeSend: function (request) {   
+    type: "GET",
+    url,
+    beforeSend(request) {
      request.setRequestHeader("X-AJAX", "1");
    },
    xhrFields: {
      withCredentials: true
    },
-    success: function(data, textStatus, request){
-      if(data.status == 'success'){
+    success(data, textStatus, request){
+      if(data.status === "success"){
        $.ajax({
-          type: 'GET',
+          type: "GET",
          url: data.url,
          xhrFields: {
            withCredentials: true
          },
          success: callback,
-          error: function (request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
+          error(request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
        });
      } else {
-        if(data.detail == "login required"){
-          window.location.href = cas_server_login + '?service=' + encodeURIComponent(login_service);
+        if(data.detail === "login required"){
+          window.location.href = cas_server_login + "?service=" + encodeURIComponent(login_service);
        } else {
-          alert('error: ' + data.messages[1].message);
+          alert("error: " + data.messages[1].message);
        }
      }
    },
-    error: function (request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
+    error(request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
  });
 }

 function cas_logout(cas_server_logout){
  $.ajax({
-    type: 'GET',
-    url:cas_server_logout,
-    beforeSend: function (request) {   
+    type: "GET",
+    url: cas_server_logout,
+    beforeSend(request) {
      request.setRequestHeader("X-AJAX", "1");
    },
    xhrFields: {
      withCredentials: true
    },
-    error: function (request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
-    success: function(data, textStatus, request){
-      if(data.status == 'error'){
-        alert('error: ' + data.messages[1].message);
+    error(request, textStatus, errorThrown) {},
+    success(data, textStatus, request){
+      if(data.status === "error"){
+        alert("error: " + data.messages[1].message);
      }
    },
  });
 }
-    
-
-   
--- a/cas_server/static/cas_server/login.css
+++ b/cas_server/static/cas_server/login.css
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ body {

@media screen and (max-width: 680px) {
    #app-name {
-        margin: 0px;
+        margin: 0;
    }
    #app-name img {
        display: block;
        margin: auto;
    }
    body {
-      padding-top: 0px;
-      padding-bottom: 0px;
+      padding-top: 0;
+      padding-bottom: 0;
    }
 }
--- a/cas_server/tests.py
+++ b/cas_server/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+from .default_settings import settings
+
+import django
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test import Client
+
+import re
+import six
+import random
+from lxml import etree
+from six.moves import range
+
+from cas_server import models
+from cas_server import utils
+
+
+def copy_form(form):
+    """Copy form value into a dict"""
+    params = {}
+    for field in form:
+        if field.value():
+            params[field.name] = field.value()
+        else:
+            params[field.name] = ""
+    return params
+
+
+def get_login_page_params(client=None):
+    """Return a client and the POST params for the client to login"""
+    if client is None:
+        client = Client()
+    response = client.get('/login')
+    params = copy_form(response.context["form"])
+    return client, params
+
+
+def get_auth_client(**update):
+    """return a authenticated client"""
+    client, params = get_login_page_params()
+    params["username"] = settings.CAS_TEST_USER
+    params["password"] = settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD
+    params.update(update)
+
+    client.post('/login', params)
+    return client
+
+
+def get_user_ticket_request(service):
+    """Make an auth client to request a ticket for `service`, return the tuple (user, ticket)"""
+    client = get_auth_client()
+    response = client.get("/login", {"service": service})
+    ticket_value = response['Location'].split('ticket=')[-1]
+    user = models.User.objects.get(
+        username=settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+        session_key=client.session.session_key
+    )
+    ticket = models.ServiceTicket.objects.get(value=ticket_value)
+    return (user, ticket)
+
+
+def get_pgt():
+    """return a dict contening a service, user and PGT ticket for this service"""
+    (host, port) = utils.PGTUrlHandler.run()[1:3]
+    service = "http://%s:%s" % (host, port)
+
+    (user, ticket) = get_user_ticket_request(service)
+
+    client = Client()
+    client.get('/serviceValidate', {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': service, 'pgtUrl': service})
+    params = utils.PGTUrlHandler.PARAMS.copy()
+
+    params["service"] = service
+    params["user"] = user
+
+    return params
+
+
+class CheckPasswordCase(TestCase):
+    """Tests for the utils function `utils.check_password`"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """Generate random bytes string that will be used ass passwords"""
+        self.password1 = utils.gen_saml_id()
+        self.password2 = utils.gen_saml_id()
+        if not isinstance(self.password1, bytes):
+            self.password1 = self.password1.encode("utf8")
+            self.password2 = self.password2.encode("utf8")
+
+    def test_setup(self):
+        """check that generated password are bytes"""
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.password1, bytes)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.password2, bytes)
+
+    def test_plain(self):
+        """test the plain auth method"""
+        self.assertTrue(utils.check_password("plain", self.password1, self.password1, "utf8"))
+        self.assertFalse(utils.check_password("plain", self.password1, self.password2, "utf8"))
+
+    def test_crypt(self):
+        """test the crypt auth method"""
+        if six.PY3:
+            hashed_password1 = utils.crypt.crypt(
+                self.password1.decode("utf8"),
+                "$6$UVVAQvrMyXMF3FF3"
+            ).encode("utf8")
+        else:
+            hashed_password1 = utils.crypt.crypt(self.password1, "$6$UVVAQvrMyXMF3FF3")
+
+        self.assertTrue(utils.check_password("crypt", self.password1, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+        self.assertFalse(utils.check_password("crypt", self.password2, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+
+    def test_ldap_ssha(self):
+        """test the ldap auth method with a {SSHA} scheme"""
+        salt = b"UVVAQvrMyXMF3FF3"
+        hashed_password1 = utils.LdapHashUserPassword.hash(b'{SSHA}', self.password1, salt, "utf8")
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(hashed_password1, bytes)
+        self.assertTrue(utils.check_password("ldap", self.password1, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+        self.assertFalse(utils.check_password("ldap", self.password2, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+
+    def test_hex_md5(self):
+        """test the hex_md5 auth method"""
+        hashed_password1 = utils.hashlib.md5(self.password1).hexdigest()
+
+        self.assertTrue(utils.check_password("hex_md5", self.password1, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+        self.assertFalse(utils.check_password("hex_md5", self.password2, hashed_password1, "utf8"))
+
+    def test_hex_sha512(self):
+        """test the hex_sha512 auth method"""
+        hashed_password1 = utils.hashlib.sha512(self.password1).hexdigest()
+
+        self.assertTrue(
+            utils.check_password("hex_sha512", self.password1, hashed_password1, "utf8")
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(
+            utils.check_password("hex_sha512", self.password2, hashed_password1, "utf8")
+        )
+
+
+class LoginTestCase(TestCase):
+    """Tests for the login view"""
+    def setUp(self):
+        """
+            Prepare the test context:
+                * set the auth class to 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+                * create a service pattern for https://www.example.com/**
+                * Set the service pattern to return all user attributes
+        """
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+
+        # For general purpose testing
+        self.service_pattern = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="example",
+            pattern="^https://www\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+        )
+        models.ReplaceAttributName.objects.create(name="*", service_pattern=self.service_pattern)
+
+        # For testing the restrict_users attributes
+        self.service_pattern_restrict_user_fail = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="restrict_user_fail",
+            pattern="^https://restrict_user_fail\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+            restrict_users=True,
+        )
+        self.service_pattern_restrict_user_success = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="restrict_user_success",
+            pattern="^https://restrict_user_success\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+            restrict_users=True,
+        )
+        models.Username.objects.create(
+            value=settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+            service_pattern=self.service_pattern_restrict_user_success
+        )
+
+        # For testing the user attributes filtering conditions
+        self.service_pattern_filter_fail = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="filter_fail",
+            pattern="^https://filter_fail\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+        )
+        models.FilterAttributValue.objects.create(
+            attribut="right",
+            pattern="^admin$",
+            service_pattern=self.service_pattern_filter_fail
+        )
+        self.service_pattern_filter_success = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="filter_success",
+            pattern="^https://filter_success\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+        )
+        models.FilterAttributValue.objects.create(
+            attribut="email",
+            pattern="^%s$" % re.escape(settings.CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES['email']),
+            service_pattern=self.service_pattern_filter_success
+        )
+
+        # For testing the user_field attributes
+        self.service_pattern_field_needed_fail = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="field_needed_fail",
+            pattern="^https://field_needed_fail\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+            user_field="uid"
+        )
+        self.service_pattern_field_needed_success = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="field_needed_success",
+            pattern="^https://field_needed_success\.example\.com(/.*)?$",
+            user_field="nom"
+        )
+
+    def assert_logged(self, client, response, warn=False, code=200):
+        """Assertions testing that client is well authenticated"""
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, code)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(client.session["username"] == settings.CAS_TEST_USER)
+        self.assertTrue(client.session["warn"] is warn)
+        self.assertTrue(client.session["authenticated"] is True)
+
+        self.assertTrue(
+            models.User.objects.get(
+                username=settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                session_key=client.session.session_key
+            )
+        )
+
+    def assert_login_failed(self, client, response, code=200):
+        """Assertions testing a failed login attempt"""
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, code)
+        self.assertFalse(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+        self.assertTrue(client.session.get("username") is None)
+        self.assertTrue(client.session.get("warn") is None)
+        self.assertTrue(client.session.get("authenticated") is None)
+
+    def test_login_view_post_goodpass_goodlt(self):
+        """Test a successul login"""
+        client, params = get_login_page_params()
+        params["username"] = settings.CAS_TEST_USER
+        params["password"] = settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD
+        self.assertTrue(params['lt'] in client.session['lt'])
+
+        response = client.post('/login', params)
+        self.assert_logged(client, response)
+        # LoginTicket conssumed
+        self.assertTrue(params['lt'] not in client.session['lt'])
+
+    def test_login_view_post_goodpass_goodlt_warn(self):
+        """Test a successul login requesting to be warned before creating services tickets"""
+        client, params = get_login_page_params()
+        params["username"] = settings.CAS_TEST_USER
+        params["password"] = settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD
+        params["warn"] = "on"
+
+        response = client.post('/login', params)
+        self.assert_logged(client, response, warn=True)
+
+    def test_lt_max(self):
+        """Check we only keep the last 100 Login Ticket for a user"""
+        client, params = get_login_page_params()
+        current_lt = params["lt"]
+        i_in_test = random.randint(0, 100)
+        i_not_in_test = random.randint(100, 150)
+        for i in range(150):
+            if i == i_in_test:
+                self.assertTrue(current_lt in client.session['lt'])
+            if i == i_not_in_test:
+                self.assertTrue(current_lt not in client.session['lt'])
+                self.assertTrue(len(client.session['lt']) <= 100)
+            client, params = get_login_page_params(client)
+        self.assertTrue(len(client.session['lt']) <= 100)
+
+    def test_login_view_post_badlt(self):
+        """Login attempt with a bad LoginTicket"""
+        client, params = get_login_page_params()
+        params["username"] = settings.CAS_TEST_USER
+        params["password"] = settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD
+        params["lt"] = 'LT-random'
+
+        response = client.post('/login', params)
+
+        self.assert_login_failed(client, response)
+        self.assertTrue(b"Invalid login ticket" in response.content)
+
+    def test_login_view_post_badpass_good_lt(self):
+        """Login attempt with a bad password"""
+        client, params = get_login_page_params()
+        params["username"] = settings.CAS_TEST_USER
+        params["password"] = "test2"
+        response = client.post('/login', params)
+
+        self.assert_login_failed(client, response)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"The credentials you provided cannot be "
+                b"determined to be authentic"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+    def assert_ticket_attributes(self, client, ticket_value):
+        """check the ticket attributes in the db"""
+        user = models.User.objects.get(
+            username=settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+            session_key=client.session.session_key
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(user)
+        ticket = models.ServiceTicket.objects.get(value=ticket_value)
+        self.assertEqual(ticket.user, user)
+        self.assertEqual(ticket.attributs, settings.CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES)
+        self.assertEqual(ticket.validate, False)
+        self.assertEqual(ticket.service_pattern, self.service_pattern)
+
+    def assert_service_ticket(self, client, response):
+        """check that a ticket is well emited when requested on a allowed service"""
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response.has_header('Location'))
+        self.assertTrue(
+            response['Location'].startswith(
+                "https://www.example.com?ticket=%s-" % settings.CAS_SERVICE_TICKET_PREFIX
+            )
+        )
+
+        ticket_value = response['Location'].split('ticket=')[-1]
+        self.assert_ticket_attributes(client, ticket_value)
+
+    def test_view_login_get_allowed_service(self):
+        """Request a ticket for an allowed service by an unauthenticated client"""
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get("/login?service=https://www.example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"Authentication required by service "
+                b"example (https://www.example.com)"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+    def test_view_login_get_denied_service(self):
+        """Request a ticket for an denied service by an unauthenticated client"""
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get("/login?service=https://www.example.net")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(b"Service https://www.example.net non allowed" in response.content)
+
+    def test_view_login_get_auth_allowed_service(self):
+        """Request a ticket for an allowed service by an authenticated client"""
+        # client is already authenticated
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login?service=https://www.example.com")
+        self.assert_service_ticket(client, response)
+
+    def test_view_login_get_auth_allowed_service_warn(self):
+        """Request a ticket for an allowed service by an authenticated client"""
+        # client is already authenticated
+        client = get_auth_client(warn="on")
+        response = client.get("/login?service=https://www.example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"Authentication has been required by service "
+                b"example (https://www.example.com)"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+        params = copy_form(response.context["form"])
+        response = client.post("/login", params)
+        self.assert_service_ticket(client, response)
+
+    def test_view_login_get_auth_denied_service(self):
+        """Request a ticket for a not allowed service by an authenticated client"""
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login?service=https://www.example.org")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(b"Service https://www.example.org non allowed" in response.content)
+
+    def test_user_logged_not_in_db(self):
+        """If the user is logged but has been delete from the database, it should be logged out"""
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        models.User.objects.get(
+            username=settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+            session_key=client.session.session_key
+        ).delete()
+        response = client.get("/login")
+
+        self.assert_login_failed(client, response, code=302)
+        if django.VERSION < (1, 9):
+            self.assertEqual(response["Location"], "http://testserver/login")
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(response["Location"], "/login?")
+
+    def test_service_restrict_user(self):
+        """Testing the restric user capability fro a service"""
+        service = "https://restrict_user_fail.example.com"
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(b"Username non allowed" in response.content)
+
+        service = "https://restrict_user_success.example.com"
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response["Location"].startswith("%s?ticket=" % service))
+
+    def test_service_filter(self):
+        """Test the filtering on user attributes"""
+        service = "https://filter_fail.example.com"
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(b"User charateristics non allowed" in response.content)
+
+        service = "https://filter_success.example.com"
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response["Location"].startswith("%s?ticket=" % service))
+
+    def test_service_user_field(self):
+        """Test using a user attribute as username: case on if the attribute exists or not"""
+        service = "https://field_needed_fail.example.com"
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(b"The attribut uid is needed to use that service" in response.content)
+
+        service = "https://field_needed_success.example.com"
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response["Location"].startswith("%s?ticket=" % service))
+
+    def test_gateway(self):
+        """test gateway parameter"""
+
+        # First with an authenticated client that fail to get a ticket for a service
+        service = "https://restrict_user_fail.example.com"
+        client = get_auth_client()
+        response = client.get("/login", {'service': service, 'gateway': 'on'})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(response["Location"], service)
+
+        # second for an user not yet authenticated on a valid service
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get('/login', {'service': service, 'gateway': 'on'})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(response["Location"], service)
+
+
+class LogoutTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+
+    def test_logout_view(self):
+        client = get_auth_client()
+
+        response = client.get("/login")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+        response = client.get("/logout")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged out from "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+        response = client.get("/login")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertFalse(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+    def test_logout_view_url(self):
+        client = get_auth_client()
+
+        response = client.get('/logout?url=https://www.example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response.has_header("Location"))
+        self.assertEqual(response["Location"], "https://www.example.com")
+
+        response = client.get("/login")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertFalse(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+    def test_logout_view_service(self):
+        client = get_auth_client()
+
+        response = client.get('/logout?service=https://www.example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertTrue(response.has_header("Location"))
+        self.assertEqual(response["Location"], "https://www.example.com")
+
+        response = client.get("/login")
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertFalse(
+            (
+                b"You have successfully logged into "
+                b"the Central Authentication Service"
+            ) in response.content
+        )
+
+
+class AuthTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+        self.service = 'https://www.example.com'
+        models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="example",
+            pattern="^https://www\.example\.com(/.*)?$"
+        )
+
+    def test_auth_view_goodpass(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = 'test'
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.post(
+            '/auth',
+            {
+                'username': settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                'password': settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD,
+                'service': self.service,
+                'secret': 'test'
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'yes\n')
+
+    def test_auth_view_badpass(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = 'test'
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.post(
+            '/auth',
+            {
+                'username': settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                'password': 'badpass',
+                'service': self.service,
+                'secret': 'test'
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'no\n')
+
+    def test_auth_view_badservice(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = 'test'
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.post(
+            '/auth',
+            {
+                'username': settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                'password': settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD,
+                'service': 'https://www.example.org',
+                'secret': 'test'
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'no\n')
+
+    def test_auth_view_badsecret(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = 'test'
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.post(
+            '/auth',
+            {
+                'username': settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                'password': settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD,
+                'service': self.service,
+                'secret': 'badsecret'
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'no\n')
+
+    def test_auth_view_badsettings(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = None
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.post(
+            '/auth',
+            {
+                'username': settings.CAS_TEST_USER,
+                'password': settings.CAS_TEST_PASSWORD,
+                'service': self.service,
+                'secret': 'test'
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b"no\nplease set CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET")
+
+
+class ValidateTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+        self.service = 'https://www.example.com'
+        self.service_pattern = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="example",
+            pattern="^https://www\.example\.com(/.*)?$"
+        )
+        models.ReplaceAttributName.objects.create(name="*", service_pattern=self.service_pattern)
+
+    def test_validate_view_ok(self):
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(self.service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get('/validate', {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'yes\ntest\n')
+
+    def test_validate_view_badservice(self):
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(self.service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get(
+            '/validate',
+            {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': "https://www.example.org"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'no\n')
+
+    def test_validate_view_badticket(self):
+        get_user_ticket_request(self.service)
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get(
+            '/validate',
+            {'ticket': "%s-RANDOM" % settings.CAS_SERVICE_TICKET_PREFIX, 'service': self.service}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(response.content, b'no\n')
+
+
+class ValidateServiceTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+        self.service = 'http://127.0.0.1:45678'
+        self.service_pattern = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="localhost",
+            pattern="^http://127\.0\.0\.1(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?$",
+            proxy_callback=True
+        )
+        models.ReplaceAttributName.objects.create(name="*", service_pattern=self.service_pattern)
+
+    def test_validate_service_view_ok(self):
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(self.service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get('/serviceValidate', {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        sucess = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationSuccess",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(sucess)
+
+        users = root.xpath("//cas:user", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(users), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(users[0].text, settings.CAS_TEST_USER)
+
+        attributes = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:attributes",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(attributes), 1)
+        attrs1 = set()
+        for attr in attributes[0]:
+            attrs1.add((attr.tag[len("http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas")+2:], attr.text))
+
+        attributes = root.xpath("//cas:attribute", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(attributes), len(attrs1))
+        attrs2 = set()
+        for attr in attributes:
+            attrs2.add((attr.attrib['name'], attr.attrib['value']))
+        original = set()
+        for key, value in settings.CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES.items():
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                for sub_value in value:
+                    original.add((key, sub_value))
+            else:
+                original.add((key, value))
+        self.assertEqual(attrs1, attrs2)
+        self.assertEqual(attrs1, original)
+
+    def test_validate_service_view_badservice(self):
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(self.service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        bad_service = "https://www.example.org"
+        response = client.get('/serviceValidate', {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': bad_service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "INVALID_SERVICE")
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].text, bad_service)
+
+    def test_validate_service_view_badticket_goodprefix(self):
+        get_user_ticket_request(self.service)
+
+        client = Client()
+        bad_ticket = "%s-RANDOM" % settings.CAS_SERVICE_TICKET_PREFIX
+        response = client.get('/serviceValidate', {'ticket': bad_ticket, 'service': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "INVALID_TICKET")
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].text, 'ticket not found')
+
+    def test_validate_service_view_badticket_badprefix(self):
+        get_user_ticket_request(self.service)
+
+        client = Client()
+        bad_ticket = "RANDOM"
+        response = client.get('/serviceValidate', {'ticket': bad_ticket, 'service': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "INVALID_TICKET")
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].text, bad_ticket)
+
+    def test_validate_service_view_ok_pgturl(self):
+        (host, port) = utils.PGTUrlHandler.run()[1:3]
+        service = "http://%s:%s" % (host, port)
+
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get(
+            '/serviceValidate',
+            {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': service, 'pgtUrl': service}
+        )
+        pgt_params = utils.PGTUrlHandler.PARAMS.copy()
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        pgtiou = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:proxyGrantingTicket",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(pgtiou), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pgt_params["pgtIou"], pgtiou[0].text)
+        self.assertTrue("pgtId" in pgt_params)
+
+    def test_validate_service_pgturl_bad_proxy_callback(self):
+        self.service_pattern.proxy_callback = False
+        self.service_pattern.save()
+        ticket = get_user_ticket_request(self.service)[1]
+
+        client = Client()
+        response = client.get(
+            '/serviceValidate',
+            {'ticket': ticket.value, 'service': self.service, 'pgtUrl': self.service}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "INVALID_PROXY_CALLBACK")
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].text, "callback url not allowed by configuration")
+
+
+class ProxyTestCase(TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
+        self.service = 'http://127.0.0.1'
+        self.service_pattern = models.ServicePattern.objects.create(
+            name="localhost",
+            pattern="^http://127\.0\.0\.1(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?$",
+            proxy=True,
+            proxy_callback=True
+        )
+        models.ReplaceAttributName.objects.create(name="*", service_pattern=self.service_pattern)
+
+    def test_validate_proxy_ok(self):
+        params = get_pgt()
+
+        # get a proxy ticket
+        client1 = Client()
+        response = client1.get('/proxy', {'pgt': params['pgtId'], 'targetService': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        sucess = root.xpath("//cas:proxySuccess", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertTrue(sucess)
+
+        proxy_ticket = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:proxyTicket",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(proxy_ticket), 1)
+        proxy_ticket = proxy_ticket[0].text
+
+        # validate the proxy ticket
+        client2 = Client()
+        response = client2.get('/proxyValidate', {'ticket': proxy_ticket, 'service': self.service})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        sucess = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationSuccess",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(sucess)
+
+        # check that the proxy is send to the end service
+        proxies = root.xpath("//cas:proxies", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(proxies), 1)
+        proxy = proxies[0].xpath("//cas:proxy", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(proxy), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(proxy[0].text, params["service"])
+
+        # same tests than those for serviceValidate
+        users = root.xpath("//cas:user", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(users), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(users[0].text, settings.CAS_TEST_USER)
+
+        attributes = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:attributes",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(attributes), 1)
+        attrs1 = set()
+        for attr in attributes[0]:
+            attrs1.add((attr.tag[len("http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas")+2:], attr.text))
+
+        attributes = root.xpath("//cas:attribute", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
+        self.assertEqual(len(attributes), len(attrs1))
+        attrs2 = set()
+        for attr in attributes:
+            attrs2.add((attr.attrib['name'], attr.attrib['value']))
+        original = set()
+        for key, value in settings.CAS_TEST_ATTRIBUTES.items():
+            if isinstance(value, list):
+                for sub_value in value:
+                    original.add((key, sub_value))
+            else:
+                original.add((key, value))
+        self.assertEqual(attrs1, attrs2)
+        self.assertEqual(attrs1, original)
+
+    def test_validate_proxy_bad(self):
+        params = get_pgt()
+
+        # bad PGT
+        client1 = Client()
+        response = client1.get(
+            '/proxy',
+            {
+                'pgt': "%s-RANDOM" % settings.CAS_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_PREFIX,
+                'targetService': params['service']
+            }
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "INVALID_TICKET")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            error[0].text,
+            "PGT %s-RANDOM not found" % settings.CAS_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_PREFIX
+        )
+
+        # bad targetService
+        client2 = Client()
+        response = client2.get(
+            '/proxy',
+            {'pgt': params['pgtId'], 'targetService': "https://www.example.org"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "UNAUTHORIZED_SERVICE")
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].text, "https://www.example.org")
+
+        # service do not allow proxy ticket
+        self.service_pattern.proxy = False
+        self.service_pattern.save()
+
+        client3 = Client()
+        response = client3.get(
+            '/proxy',
+            {'pgt': params['pgtId'], 'targetService': params['service']}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+
+        root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
+        error = root.xpath(
+            "//cas:authenticationFailure",
+            namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"}
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(len(error), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(error[0].attrib['code'], "UNAUTHORIZED_SERVICE")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            error[0].text,
+            'the service %s do not allow proxy ticket' % params['service']
+        )
--- a/cas_server/urls.py
+++ b/cas_server/urls.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
 from django.views.generic import RedirectView
 from django.views.decorators.debug import sensitive_post_parameters, sensitive_variables

-import views
+from cas_server import views

 urlpatterns = patterns(
    '',
--- a/cas_server/utils.py
+++ b/cas_server/utils.py
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@ from django.contrib import messages
 import random
 import string
 import json
+import hashlib
+import crypt
+import base64
+import six
+from threading import Thread
 from importlib import import_module
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-
-try:
-    from urlparse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl
-    from urllib import urlencode
-except ImportError:
-    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl, urlencode
+from six.moves import BaseHTTPServer
+from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse, parse_qsl, urlencode


 def context(params):
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ def context(params):
    return params


-def JsonResponse(request, data):
+def json_response(request, data):
    data["messages"] = []
    for msg in messages.get_messages(request):
        data["messages"].append({'message': msg.message, 'level': msg.level_tag})
@@ -120,9 +121,9 @@ def update_url(url, params):
    query = dict(parse_qsl(url_parts[4]))
    query.update(params)
    url_parts[4] = urlencode(query)
-    for i in range(len(url_parts)):
-        if not isinstance(url_parts[i], bytes):
-            url_parts[i] = url_parts[i].encode('utf-8')
+    for i, url_part in enumerate(url_parts):
+        if not isinstance(url_part, bytes):
+            url_parts[i] = url_part.encode('utf-8')
    return urlunparse(url_parts).decode('utf-8')


@@ -190,3 +191,207 @@ def get_tuple(tuple, index, default=None):
        return tuple[index]
    except IndexError:
        return default
+
+class PGTUrlHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    PARAMS = {}
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header(b"Content-type", "text/plain")
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(b"ok")
+        url = urlparse(self.path)
+        params = dict(parse_qsl(url.query))
+        PGTUrlHandler.PARAMS.update(params)
+
+    def log_message(self, *args):
+        return
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def run():
+        server_class = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer
+        httpd = server_class(("127.0.0.1", 0), PGTUrlHandler)
+        (host, port) = httpd.socket.getsockname()
+
+        def lauch():
+            httpd.handle_request()
+            httpd.server_close()
+
+        httpd_thread = Thread(target=lauch)
+        httpd_thread.daemon = True
+        httpd_thread.start()
+        return (httpd_thread, host, port)
+
+
+class LdapHashUserPassword(object):
+    """Please see https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-stroeder-hashed-userpassword-values-01.html"""
+
+    schemes_salt = {b"{SMD5}", b"{SSHA}", b"{SSHA256}", b"{SSHA384}", b"{SSHA512}", b"{CRYPT}"}
+    schemes_nosalt = {b"{MD5}", b"{SHA}", b"{SHA256}", b"{SHA384}", b"{SHA512}"}
+
+    _schemes_to_hash = {
+        b"{SMD5}": hashlib.md5,
+        b"{MD5}": hashlib.md5,
+        b"{SSHA}": hashlib.sha1,
+        b"{SHA}": hashlib.sha1,
+        b"{SSHA256}": hashlib.sha256,
+        b"{SHA256}": hashlib.sha256,
+        b"{SSHA384}": hashlib.sha384,
+        b"{SHA384}": hashlib.sha384,
+        b"{SSHA512}": hashlib.sha512,
+        b"{SHA512}": hashlib.sha512
+    }
+
+    _schemes_to_len = {
+        b"{SMD5}": 16,
+        b"{SSHA}": 20,
+        b"{SSHA256}": 32,
+        b"{SSHA384}": 48,
+        b"{SSHA512}": 64,
+    }
+
+    class BadScheme(ValueError):
+        """Error raised then the hash scheme is not in schemes_salt + schemes_nosalt"""
+        pass
+
+    class BadHash(ValueError):
+        """Error raised then the hash is too short"""
+        pass
+
+    class BadSalt(ValueError):
+        """Error raised then with the scheme {CRYPT} the salt is invalid"""
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _raise_bad_scheme(cls, scheme, valid, msg):
+        """
+            Raise BadScheme error for `scheme`, possible valid scheme are
+            in `valid`, the error message is `msg`
+        """
+        valid_schemes = [s.decode() for s in valid]
+        valid_schemes.sort()
+        raise cls.BadScheme(msg % (scheme, u", ".join(valid_schemes)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _test_scheme(cls, scheme):
+        """Test if a scheme is valide or raise BadScheme"""
+        if scheme not in cls.schemes_salt and scheme not in cls.schemes_nosalt:
+            cls._raise_bad_scheme(
+                scheme,
+                cls.schemes_salt | cls.schemes_nosalt,
+                "The scheme %r is not valid. Valide schemes are %s."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _test_scheme_salt(cls, scheme):
+        """Test if the scheme need a salt or raise BadScheme"""
+        if scheme not in cls.schemes_salt:
+            cls._raise_bad_scheme(
+                scheme,
+                cls.schemes_salt,
+                "The scheme %r is only valid without a salt. Valide schemes with salt are %s."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _test_scheme_nosalt(cls, scheme):
+        """Test if the scheme need no salt or raise BadScheme"""
+        if scheme not in cls.schemes_nosalt:
+            cls._raise_bad_scheme(
+                scheme,
+                cls.schemes_nosalt,
+                "The scheme %r is only valid with a salt. Valide schemes without salt are %s."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def hash(cls, scheme, password, salt=None, charset="utf8"):
+        """
+           Hash `password` with `scheme` using `salt`.
+           This three variable beeing encoded in `charset`.
+        """
+        scheme = scheme.upper()
+        cls._test_scheme(scheme)
+        if salt is None or salt == b"":
+            salt = b""
+            cls._test_scheme_nosalt(scheme)
+        elif salt is not None:
+            cls._test_scheme_salt(scheme)
+        try:
+            return scheme + base64.b64encode(
+                cls._schemes_to_hash[scheme](password + salt).digest() + salt
+            )
+        except KeyError:
+            if six.PY3:
+                password = password.decode(charset)
+                salt = salt.decode(charset)
+            hashed_password = crypt.crypt(password, salt)
+            if hashed_password is None:
+                raise cls.BadSalt("System crypt implementation do not support the salt %r" % salt)
+            if six.PY3:
+                hashed_password = hashed_password.encode(charset)
+            return scheme + hashed_password
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_scheme(cls, hashed_passord):
+        """Return the scheme of `hashed_passord` or raise BadHash"""
+        if not hashed_passord[0] == b'{'[0] or b'}' not in hashed_passord:
+            raise cls.BadHash("%r should start with the scheme enclosed with { }" % hashed_passord)
+        scheme = hashed_passord.split(b'}', 1)[0]
+        scheme = scheme.upper() + b"}"
+        return scheme
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_salt(cls, hashed_passord):
+        """Return the salt of `hashed_passord` possibly empty"""
+        scheme = cls.get_scheme(hashed_passord)
+        cls._test_scheme(scheme)
+        if scheme in cls.schemes_nosalt:
+            return b""
+        elif scheme == b'{CRYPT}':
+            return b'$'.join(hashed_passord.split(b'$', 3)[:-1])
+        else:
+            hashed_passord = base64.b64decode(hashed_passord[len(scheme):])
+            if len(hashed_passord) < cls._schemes_to_len[scheme]:
+                raise cls.BadHash("Hash too short for the scheme %s" % scheme)
+            return hashed_passord[cls._schemes_to_len[scheme]:]
+
+
+def check_password(method, password, hashed_password, charset):
+    """
+        Check that `password` match `hashed_password` using `method`,
+        assuming the encoding is `charset`.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(password, six.binary_type):
+        password = password.encode(charset)
+    if not isinstance(hashed_password, six.binary_type):
+        hashed_password = hashed_password.encode(charset)
+    if method == "plain":
+        return password == hashed_password
+    elif method == "crypt":
+        if hashed_password.startswith(b'$'):
+            salt = b'$'.join(hashed_password.split(b'$', 3)[:-1])
+        elif hashed_password.startswith(b'_'):
+            salt = hashed_password[:9]
+        else:
+            salt = hashed_password[:2]
+        if six.PY3:
+            password = password.decode(charset)
+            salt = salt.decode(charset)
+            hashed_password = hashed_password.decode(charset)
+        crypted_password = crypt.crypt(password, salt)
+        if crypted_password is None:
+            raise ValueError("System crypt implementation do not support the salt %r" % salt)
+        return crypted_password == hashed_password
+    elif method == "ldap":
+        scheme = LdapHashUserPassword.get_scheme(hashed_password)
+        salt = LdapHashUserPassword.get_salt(hashed_password)
+        return LdapHashUserPassword.hash(scheme, password, salt, charset=charset) == hashed_password
+    elif (
+       method.startswith("hex_") and
+       method[4:] in {"md5", "sha1", "sha224", "sha256", "sha384", "sha512"}
+    ):
+        return getattr(
+            hashlib,
+            method[4:]
+        )(password).hexdigest().encode("ascii") == hashed_password.lower()
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unknown password method check %r" % method)
--- a/cas_server/views.py
+++ b/cas_server/views.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware
 from django.views.generic import View

+import re
 import logging
 import pprint
 import requests
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ import cas_server.utils as utils
 import cas_server.forms as forms
 import cas_server.models as models

-from .utils import JsonResponse
+from .utils import json_response
 from .models import ServiceTicket, ProxyTicket, ProxyGrantingTicket
 from .models import ServicePattern
 from .federate import CASFederateValidateUser
@@ -63,12 +64,12 @@ class AttributesMixin(object):

 class LogoutMixin(object):
    """destroy CAS session utils"""
-    def logout(self, all=False):
+    def logout(self, all_session=False):
        """effectively destroy CAS session"""
        session_nb = 0
        username = self.request.session.get("username")
        if username:
-            if all:
+            if all_session:
                logger.info("Logging out user %s from all of they sessions." % username)
            else:
                logger.info("Logging out user %s." % username)
@@ -91,8 +92,8 @@ class LogoutMixin(object):
            # if user not found in database, flush the session anyway
            self.request.session.flush()

-        # If all is set logout user from alternative sessions
-        if all:
+        # If all_session is set logout user from alternative sessions
+        if all_session:
            for user in models.User.objects.filter(username=username):
                session = SessionStore(session_key=user.session_key)
                session.flush()
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ class LogoutView(View, LogoutMixin):
    service = None

    def init_get(self, request):
+        """Initialize GET received parameters"""
        self.request = request
        self.service = request.GET.get('service')
        self.url = request.GET.get('url')
@@ -170,13 +172,13 @@ class LogoutView(View, LogoutMixin):
                        'url': url,
                        'session_nb': session_nb
                    }
-                    return JsonResponse(request, data)
+                    return json_response(request, data)
                else:
                    return redirect("cas_server:login")
            else:
                if self.ajax:
                    data = {'status': 'success', 'detail': 'logout', 'session_nb': session_nb}
-                    return JsonResponse(request, data)
+                    return json_response(request, data)
                else:
                    return render(
                        request,
@@ -290,12 +292,10 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
    USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED = 6

    def init_post(self, request):
+        """Initialize POST received parameters"""
        self.request = request
        self.service = request.POST.get('service')
-        if request.POST.get('renew') and request.POST['renew'] != "False":
-            self.renew = True
-        else:
-            self.renew = False
+        self.renew = bool(request.POST.get('renew') and request.POST['renew'] != "False")
        self.gateway = request.POST.get('gateway')
        self.method = request.POST.get('method')
        self.ajax = 'HTTP_X_AJAX' in request.META
@@ -306,15 +306,19 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
            self.username = request.POST.get('username')
            self.ticket = request.POST.get('ticket')

-    def check_lt(self):
-        # save LT for later check
-        lt_valid = self.request.session.get('lt', [])
-        lt_send = self.request.POST.get('lt')
-        # generate a new LT (by posting the LT has been consumed)
+    def gen_lt(self):
+        """Generate a new LoginTicket and add it to the list of valid LT for the user"""
        self.request.session['lt'] = self.request.session.get('lt', []) + [utils.gen_lt()]
        if len(self.request.session['lt']) > 100:
            self.request.session['lt'] = self.request.session['lt'][-100:]

+    def check_lt(self):
+        """Check is the POSTed LoginTicket is valid, if yes invalide it"""
+        # save LT for later check
+        lt_valid = self.request.session.get('lt', [])
+        lt_send = self.request.POST.get('lt')
+        # generate a new LT (by posting the LT has been consumed)
+        self.gen_lt()
        # check if send LT is valid
        if lt_valid is None or lt_send not in lt_valid:
            return False
@@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
                    username=self.request.session['username'],
                    session_key=self.request.session.session_key
                )
-                self.user.save()
+                self.user.save()  # pragma: no cover (should not happend)
            except models.User.DoesNotExist:
                self.user = models.User.objects.create(
                    username=self.request.session['username'],
@@ -355,10 +359,15 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
        elif ret == self.USER_ALREADY_LOGGED:
            pass
        else:
-            raise EnvironmentError("invalid output for LoginView.process_post")
+            raise EnvironmentError("invalid output for LoginView.process_post")  # pragma: no cover
        return self.common()

-    def process_post(self, pytest=False):
+    def process_post(self):
+        """
+            Analyse the POST request:
+                * check that the LoginTicket is valid
+                * check that the user sumited credentials are valid
+        """
        if not self.check_lt():
            values = self.request.POST.copy()
            # if not set a new LT and fail
@@ -385,12 +394,10 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
            return self.USER_ALREADY_LOGGED

    def init_get(self, request):
+        """Initialize GET received parameters"""
        self.request = request
        self.service = request.GET.get('service')
-        if request.GET.get('renew') and request.GET['renew'] != "False":
-            self.renew = True
-        else:
-            self.renew = False
+        self.renew = bool(request.GET.get('renew') and request.GET['renew'] != "False")
        self.gateway = request.GET.get('gateway')
        self.method = request.GET.get('method')
        self.ajax = 'HTTP_X_AJAX' in request.META
@@ -410,15 +417,16 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
        return self.common()

    def process_get(self):
-        # generate a new LT if none is present
-        self.request.session['lt'] = self.request.session.get('lt', []) + [utils.gen_lt()]
-
+        """Analyse the GET request"""
+        # generate a new LT
+        self.gen_lt()
        if not self.request.session.get("authenticated") or self.renew:
            self.init_form()
            return self.USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED
        return self.USER_AUTHENTICATED

    def init_form(self, values=None):
+        """Initialization of the good form depending of POST and GET parameters"""
        form_initial = {
            'service': self.service,
            'method': self.method,
@@ -459,7 +467,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
                )
                if self.ajax:
                    data = {"status": "error", "detail": "confirmation needed"}
-                    return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+                    return json_response(self.request, data)
                else:
                    warn_form = forms.WarnForm(initial={
                        'service': self.service,
@@ -486,7 +494,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
                    return HttpResponseRedirect(redirect_url)
                else:
                    data = {"status": "success", "detail": "auth", "url": redirect_url}
-                    return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+                    return json_response(self.request, data)
        except ServicePattern.DoesNotExist:
            error = 1
            messages.add_message(
@@ -530,7 +538,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
            )
        else:
            data = {"status": "error", "detail": "auth", "code": error}
-            return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+            return json_response(self.request, data)

    def authenticated(self):
        """Processing authenticated users"""
@@ -552,7 +560,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
                    "detail": "login required",
                    "url": utils.reverse_params("cas_server:login", params=self.request.GET)
                }
-                return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+                return json_response(self.request, data)
            else:
                return utils.redirect_params("cas_server:login", params=self.request.GET)

@@ -562,7 +570,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
        else:
            if self.ajax:
                data = {"status": "success", "detail": "logged"}
-                return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+                return json_response(self.request, data)
            else:
                return render(
                    self.request,
@@ -605,7 +613,7 @@ class LoginView(View, LogoutMixin):
                "detail": "login required",
                "url": utils.reverse_params("cas_server:login",  params=self.request.GET)
            }
-            return JsonResponse(self.request, data)
+            return json_response(self.request, data)
        else:
            if settings.CAS_FEDERATE:
                if self.username and self.ticket:
@@ -824,7 +832,10 @@ class ValidateService(View, AttributesMixin):
                    params['username'] = self.ticket.user.attributs.get(
                        self.ticket.service_pattern.user_field
                    )
-                if self.pgt_url and self.pgt_url.startswith("https://"):
+                if self.pgt_url and (
+                    self.pgt_url.startswith("https://") or
+                    re.match("^http://(127\.0\.0\.1|localhost)(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?$", self.pgt_url)
+                ):
                    return self.process_pgturl(params)
                else:
                    logger.info(
--- a/22
+++ b/22
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+import os, sys
+import django
+from django.conf import settings
+
+import settings_tests
+
+settings.configure(**settings_tests.__dict__)
+django.setup()
+
+try:
+    # Django <= 1.8
+    from django.test.simple import DjangoTestSuiteRunner
+    test_runner = DjangoTestSuiteRunner(verbosity=1)
+except ImportError:
+    # Django >= 1.8
+    from django.test.runner import DiscoverRunner
+    test_runner = DiscoverRunner(verbosity=1)
+
+failures = test_runner.run_tests(['cas_server'])
+if failures:
+    sys.exit(failures)
--- a/settings_tests.py
+++ b/settings_tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+Django test settings for cas_server application.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.7.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
+BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = 'changeme'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    'django.contrib.admin',
+    'django.contrib.auth',
+    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
+    'django.contrib.sessions',
+    'django.contrib.messages',
+    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+    'bootstrap3',
+    'cas_server',
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'urls_tests'
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+    }
+}
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_L10N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = '/static/'
--- a/tests/init.py
+++ b/tests/init.py
--- a/tests/dummy.py
+++ b/tests/dummy.py
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-from cas_server import models
-
-class DummyUserManager(object):
-    def __init__(self, username, session_key):
-        self.username = username
-        self.session_key = session_key
-    def get(self, username=None, session_key=None):
-        if username == self.username and session_key == self.session_key:
-            return models.User(username=username, session_key=session_key)
-        else:
-            raise models.User.DoesNotExist()
-
-
-def dummy(*args, **kwds):
-    pass
-
-def dummy_service_pattern(**kwargs):
-    def decorator(func):
-        @functools.wraps(func)
-        def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
-            service_validate = models.ServicePattern.validate
-            models.ServicePattern.validate = classmethod(lambda x,y: models.ServicePattern(**kwargs))
-            ret = func(*args, **kwds)
-            models.ServicePattern.validate = service_validate
-            return ret
-        return wrapper
-    return decorator
-
-def dummy_user(username, session_key):
-    def decorator(func):
-        @functools.wraps(func)
-        def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
-            user_manager = models.User.objects
-            user_save = models.User.save
-            user_delete = models.User.delete
-            models.User.objects = DummyUserManager(username, session_key)
-            models.User.save = dummy
-            models.User.delete = dummy
-            ret = func(*args, **kwds)
-            models.User.objects = user_manager
-            models.User.save = user_save
-            models.User.delete = user_delete
-            return ret
-        return wrapper
-    return decorator
-
-def dummy_ticket(ticket_class, service, ticket):
-    def decorator(func):
-        @functools.wraps(func)
-        def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
-            ticket_manager = ticket_class.objects
-            ticket_save = ticket_class.save
-            ticket_delete = ticket_class.delete
-            ticket_class.objects = DummyTicketManager(ticket_class, service, ticket)
-            ticket_class.save = dummy
-            ticket_class.delete = dummy
-            ret = func(*args, **kwds)
-            ticket_class.objects = ticket_manager
-            ticket_class.save = ticket_save
-            ticket_class.delete = ticket_delete
-            return ret
-        return wrapper
-    return decorator
-
-
-def dummy_proxy(func):
-    @functools.wraps(func)
-    def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
-        proxy_manager = models.Proxy.objects
-        models.Proxy.objects = DummyProxyManager()
-        ret = func(*args, **kwds)
-        models.Proxy.objects = proxy_manager
-        return ret
-    return wrapper
-
-class DummyProxyManager(object):
-    def create(self, **kwargs):
-        for field in models.Proxy._meta.fields:
-            field.allow_unsaved_instance_assignment = True
-        return models.Proxy(**kwargs)
-
-class DummyTicketManager(object):
-    def __init__(self, ticket_class, service, ticket):
-        self.ticket_class = ticket_class
-        self.service = service
-        self.ticket = ticket
-
-    def create(self, **kwargs):
-        for field in self.ticket_class._meta.fields:
-            field.allow_unsaved_instance_assignment = True
-        return self.ticket_class(**kwargs)
-
-    def filter(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return DummyQuerySet()
-
-    def get(self, **kwargs):
-        for field in self.ticket_class._meta.fields:
-            field.allow_unsaved_instance_assignment = True
-        if 'value' in kwargs:
-            if kwargs['value'] != self.ticket:
-                raise self.ticket_class.DoesNotExist()
-        else:
-            kwargs['value'] = self.ticket
-        
-        if 'service' in kwargs:
-            if kwargs['service'] != self.service:
-                raise self.ticket_class.DoesNotExist()
-        else:
-            kwargs['service'] = self.service
-        if not 'user' in kwargs:
-            kwargs['user'] = models.User(username="test")
-        
-        for field in models.ServiceTicket._meta.fields:
-            field.allow_unsaved_instance_assignment = True
-        for key in list(kwargs):
-            if '__' in key:
-                del kwargs[key]
-        kwargs['attributs'] = {'mail': 'test@example.com'}
-        kwargs['service_pattern'] = models.ServicePattern()
-        return self.ticket_class(**kwargs)
-
-
-
-class DummySession(dict):
-    session_key = "test_session"
-
-    def set_expiry(self, int):
-        pass
-
-    def flush(self):
-        self.clear()
-
-
-class DummyQuerySet(set):
-    pass
--- a/tests/init.py
+++ b/tests/init.py
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-import django
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.contrib import messages
-
-settings.configure()
-settings.STATIC_URL = "/static/"
-settings.DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': '/dev/null',
-    }
-}
-settings.INSTALLED_APPS = (
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'bootstrap3',
-    'cas_server',
-)
-
-settings.ROOT_URLCONF = "/"
-settings.CAS_AUTH_CLASS = 'cas_server.auth.TestAuthUser'
-
-try:
-    django.setup()
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-messages.add_message = lambda x,y,z:None
-
--- a/tests/test_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/test_proxy.py
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from tests.init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-from lxml import etree
-from cas_server.views import ValidateService, Proxy
-from cas_server import models
-
-from tests.dummy import *
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ProxyGrantingTicket, '', "PGT-random")
-@dummy_service_pattern(proxy=True)
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-@dummy_ticket(models.ProxyTicket, "https://www.example.com", "PT-random")
-@dummy_proxy
-def test_proxy_ok():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/proxy?pgt=PGT-random&targetService=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    proxy = Proxy()
-    response = proxy.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
-    proxy_tickets = root.xpath("//cas:proxyTicket", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-
-    assert len(proxy_tickets) == 1
-
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/proxyValidate?ticket=PT-random&service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    validate = ValidateService()
-    validate.allow_proxy_ticket = True
-    response = validate.get(request)
-    
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
-    users = root.xpath("//cas:user", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-
-    assert len(users) == 1
-    assert users[0].text == "test"
-
-
-
--- a/tests/test_validate_service.py
+++ b/tests/test_validate_service.py
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-from lxml import etree
-from cas_server.views import ValidateService
-from cas_server import models
-
-from .dummy import *
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-def test_validate_service_view_ok():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/serviceValidate?ticket=ST-random&service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = ValidateService()
-    validate.allow_proxy_ticket = False
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
-    users = root.xpath("//cas:user", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-
-    assert len(users) == 1
-    assert users[0].text == "test"
-
-    attributes = root.xpath("//cas:attributes", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-
-    assert len(attributes) == 1
-    
-    attrs = {}
-    for attr in attributes[0]:
-        attrs[attr.tag[len("http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas")+2:]]=attr.text
-
-    assert 'mail' in attrs
-    assert attrs['mail'] == 'test@example.com'
-
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example2.com', "ST-random")
-def test_validate_service_view_badservice():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/serviceValidate?ticket=ST-random&service=https://www.example1.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = ValidateService()
-    validate.allow_proxy_ticket = False
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
-
-    error = root.xpath("//cas:authenticationFailure", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-    
-    assert len(error) == 1
-    assert error[0].attrib['code'] == 'INVALID_SERVICE'
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random2")
-def test_validate_service_view_badticket():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/serviceValidate?ticket=ST-random1&service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = ValidateService()
-    validate.allow_proxy_ticket = False
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-    root = etree.fromstring(response.content)
-
-    error = root.xpath("//cas:authenticationFailure", namespaces={'cas': "http://www.yale.edu/tp/cas"})
-    
-    assert len(error) == 1
-    assert error[0].attrib['code'] == 'INVALID_TICKET'
--- a/tests/test_views_auth.py
+++ b/tests/test_views_auth.py
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-
-from cas_server.views import Auth
-from cas_server import models
-
-from .dummy import *
-
-settings.CAS_AUTH_SHARED_SECRET = "test"
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-@dummy_service_pattern()
-def test_auth_view_goodpass():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/auth', {'username':'test', 'password':'test', 'service':'https://www.example.com', 'secret':'test'})
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    auth = Auth()
-    response = auth.post(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.content == b"yes\n"
-
-@dummy_service_pattern()
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-def test_auth_view_badpass():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/auth', {'username':'test', 'password':'badpass', 'service':'https://www.example.com', 'secret':'test'})
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    auth = Auth()
-    response = auth.post(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.content == b"no\n"
-
--- a/tests/test_views_login.py
+++ b/tests/test_views_login.py
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-
-from cas_server.views import LoginView
-from cas_server import models
-
-from .dummy import *
-
-
-
-def test_login_view_post_goodpass_goodlt():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login', {'username':'test', 'password':'test', 'lt':'LT-random'})
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session['lt'] = ['LT-random']
-
-    request.session["username"] = os.urandom(20)
-    request.session["warn"] = os.urandom(20)
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_post(request)
-
-    ret = login.process_post(pytest=True)
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_LOGIN_OK
-    assert request.session.get("authenticated") == True
-    assert request.session.get("username") == "test"
-    assert request.session.get("warn") == False
-
-def test_login_view_post_badlt():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login', {'username':'test', 'password':'test', 'lt':'LT-random1'})
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session['lt'] = ['LT-random2']
-
-    authenticated = os.urandom(20)
-    username = os.urandom(20)
-    warn = os.urandom(20)
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = authenticated
-    request.session["username"] = username
-    request.session["warn"] = warn
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_post(request)
-
-    ret = login.process_post(pytest=True)
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.INVALID_LOGIN_TICKET
-    assert request.session.get("authenticated") == authenticated
-    assert request.session.get("username") == username
-    assert request.session.get("warn") == warn
-
-def test_login_view_post_badpass_good_lt():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login', {'username':'test', 'password':'badpassword', 'lt':'LT-random'})
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session['lt'] = ['LT-random']
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_post(request)
-    ret = login.process_post()
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_LOGIN_FAILURE
-    assert not request.session.get("authenticated")
-    assert not request.session.get("username")
-    assert not request.session.get("warn")
-
-
-def test_view_login_get_unauth():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login')
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_get(request)
-    ret = login.process_get()
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    response = login.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-def test_view_login_get_auth():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login')
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = False
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_get(request)
-    ret = login.process_get()
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_AUTHENTICATED
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    response = login.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_service_pattern()
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-def test_view_login_get_auth_service():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login?service=https://www.example.com')
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = False
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_get(request)
-    ret = login.process_get()
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_AUTHENTICATED
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    response = login.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 302
-    assert response['Location'].startswith('https://www.example.com?ticket=ST-')
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_service_pattern()
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-def test_view_login_get_auth_service_warn():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.post('/login?service=https://www.example.com')
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = True
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    login.init_get(request)
-    ret = login.process_get()
-
-    assert ret == LoginView.USER_AUTHENTICATED
-
-    login = LoginView()
-    response = login.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
--- a/tests/test_views_logout.py
+++ b/tests/test_views_logout.py
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-
-from cas_server.views import LogoutView
-from cas_server import models
-
-from .dummy import *
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-def test_logout_view():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/logout')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = False
-
-    logout = LogoutView()
-    response = logout.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert not request.session.get("authenticated")
-    assert not request.session.get("username")
-    assert not request.session.get("warn")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-def test_logout_view_url():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/logout?url=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = False
-
-    logout = LogoutView()
-    response = logout.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 302
-    assert response['Location'] == 'https://www.example.com'
-    assert not request.session.get("authenticated")
-    assert not request.session.get("username")
-    assert not request.session.get("warn")
-
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_user(username="test", session_key="test_session")
-def test_logout_view_service():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/logout?service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    request.session["authenticated"] = True
-    request.session["username"] = "test"
-    request.session["warn"] = False
-
-    logout = LogoutView()
-    response = logout.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 302
-    assert response['Location'] == 'https://www.example.com'
-    assert not request.session.get("authenticated")
-    assert not request.session.get("username")
-    assert not request.session.get("warn")
-
-
--- a/tests/test_views_validate.py
+++ b/tests/test_views_validate.py
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from .init import *
-
-from django.test import RequestFactory
-
-import os
-import pytest
-
-from cas_server.views import Validate
-from cas_server import models
-
-from .dummy import *
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-def test_validate_view_ok():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/validate?ticket=ST-random&service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = Validate()
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.content == b"yes\ntest\n"
-
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random")
-def test_validate_view_badservice():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/validate?ticket=ST-random&service=https://www.example2.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = Validate()
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.content == b"no\n"
-
-
-
-@pytest.mark.django_db
-@dummy_ticket(models.ServiceTicket, 'https://www.example.com', "ST-random1")
-def test_validate_view_badticket():
-    factory = RequestFactory()
-    request = factory.get('/validate?ticket=ST-random2&service=https://www.example.com')
-
-    request.session = DummySession()
-
-    validate = Validate()
-    response = validate.get(request)
-
-    assert response.status_code == 200
-    assert response.content == b"no\n"
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ deps =
    -r{toxinidir}/requirements-dev.txt

 [testenv]
-commands=py.test --tb native {posargs:tests}
+commands=python run_tests {posargs:tests}

 [testenv:py27-django17]
 basepython=python2.7
--- a/urls_tests.py
+++ b/urls_tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""cas URL Configuration
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include, include
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.conf.urls import url, include
+from django.contrib import admin
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    url(r'^', include('cas_server.urls', namespace='cas_server')),
+]